Evaluation of Oral Cancers

Oral cancer refers to cancer that develops in the mouth (oral cavity), including the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard palate, and gums. Early detection through proper evaluation significantly increases the chances of successful treatment and recovery.

Why is Early Evaluation Important?

Detects cancer at an early, treatable stage

Prevents spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes

Improves survival rates and treatment outcomes

Reduces the need for extensive surgery

Common Signs & Symptoms

Be alert to the following warning signs:

Persistent mouth ulcers that do not heal

Red or white patches inside the mouth

Lump or thickening in the cheek or tongue

Difficulty in chewing, swallowing, or speaking

Unexplained bleeding in the mouth

Numbness or pain in oral regions

Loose teeth without dental cause

Risk Factors

Certain habits and conditions increase the risk of oral cancer:

Tobacco use (smoking, chewing tobacco, gutka)

Alcohol consumption

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection

Poor oral hygiene

Prolonged sun exposure (lip cancer)

Family history of cancer

How is Oral Cancer Evaluated?

1. Clinical Examination

A specialist carefully examines the mouth, tongue, and throat for abnormal lesions, swelling, or discoloration.

2. Biopsy (Gold Standard)

A small tissue sample is taken from the suspicious area and analyzed in a lab to confirm cancer.

3. Imaging Tests

CT Scan / MRI – To assess tumor size and spread

PET Scan – To detect metastasis (spread to other parts)

4. Endoscopy

A thin, flexible tube with a camera is used to examine deeper areas of the throat.

5. HPV Testing

In some cases, testing is done to identify HPV-related cancers.